Governance analytics
How healthy, representative and decentralized Cardano governance is right now, and how it moves per epoch. How to read this page
Read the numbers in context: Cardano proposal to lower the minimum pool fee to 75 ada expires at 44.2% DRep support, the Governance Review for epochs 660 to 662.
As of epoch 324
Chapter
The current state of DRep governance, the two default options kept apart, and how the core figures moved epoch by epoch.
Not everyone delegates to a person. These two predefined options hold real voting weight, and they are kept apart from every DRep statistic on this site. What they do
Always abstain
373,982,880 ₳
Always no confidence
331,070 ₳
Default options hold 374.3M ₳, compared with 566.1M ₳ delegated to representative DReps.
Changes are net movement per epoch. Arrivals and departures inside an epoch are not individually visible on chain aggregates, so this page never claims inflow or outflow.
Chapter
How much of the delegated power actually shows up in votes, and who takes part.
Across the last 12 decided actions, a median of 0.0% of the delegated voting power was actually represented in the vote. A median of 1 DReps was enough to cast half of the voted power.
- 0.0%
0.0% of DReps voted
- 0.2%
0.5% of DReps voted, 1 of 1 voters cast half of the voted power
- 0.0%
0.0% of DReps voted
- 0.0%
0.0% of DReps voted
- 0.0%
0.0% of DReps voted
- 0.0%
0.5% of DReps voted
Showing the six most recent decided actions. View all governance actions
Denominator: the delegated voting power in each action's decision epoch, the predefined default options excluded. Concentration reads use the voting power each DRep voted with and appear only when it is recorded for every vote.
Registration state
- Active registrations: 30
- Inactive or retired: 278
11 of the active registrations hold delegated power
Voting history
- Ever voted on chain: 76
- Never voted: 232
Stake still delegated to inactive DReps: 500,498,582 ₳, spread over 174 of them. The ten largest hold 98.5% of it.
Definitions: active registrations follow the on-chain registration state, voted counts any on-chain vote including later-changed ones, counts are live as of the latest sync.
Across 17 decided actions the committee could vote on, a median of 0.0% of its members cast a vote. 7 of 8 finished below the committee's approval threshold.
Committee votes came a median of 1.1 days after an action was submitted.
Highest participation
- IO Labs Node SRE for Preprodsince epoch 304
- IO Labs Node SRE for Preprodsince epoch 304
- IO Labs Node SRE for Preprodsince epoch 304
Each square is one decided action from the oldest to the newest, filled when the member voted, outlined when eligible without a vote, faded outside the member's eligibility window.
Eligibility follows the committee membership at each action's tally epoch, and only a member's final vote counts. 96 actions without a resolvable committee are not counted. The threshold reading covers 8 actions with a frozen committee threshold.
SPOs vote on 17 of the decided actions (hard forks, motions of no confidence, committee changes and security-relevant parameter changes).
0.0%
Median SPO turnout
power-weighted, over 14 actions
0.0%
Among pools without a default stance
the same votes over the pools that could still take a position, 12 actions
8.0%
Pool stake on a default stance
pre-set to always abstain or no confidence, as of the action decided in epoch 324
0 of 17
Verdicts differing from DReps
actions where the two bodies reached different verdicts against their own thresholds
Every action SPOs voted on
- [DRepTalk test] Update committeeNew CommitteeEpoch 3240.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- [DRepTalk test] No confidenceNo ConfidenceEpoch 3240.0% turnout
- [DRepTalk test] Hard fork to protocol version 11.1Hard Fork InitiationEpoch 3240.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- Reduce minPoolCost to 75 ada and increase Plutus Memory Limits (Part 2)Parameter ChangeEpoch 305turnout pending
- Remove Expired Constitutional Committee MembersNew CommitteeEpoch 304turnout pending
- Motion of No Confidence (Test Proposal)No ConfidenceEpoch 3020.1% turnout
- Hard Fork to Protocol Version 11.1 ("van Rossem" Hard Fork)Hard Fork InitiationEpoch 3020.1% turnout, 0.1% without default stances
- Update Committee – Add Member (Test Proposal)New CommitteeEpoch 3020.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- Reduce govActionDeposit to increase testnet governance participationParameter ChangeEpoch 29653.6% turnout, 55.6% without default stances
- Hard Fork to Protocol Version 11 ("van Rossem" Hard Fork)Hard Fork InitiationEpoch 294turnout pending
- Increase Transaction and Block Memory Units (Part 1 of 2)Parameter ChangeEpoch 25263.6% turnout, 66.8% without default stances
- Update the Cardano committeeMinSize ParameterNew CommitteeEpoch 23261.1% turnout, 61.5% without default stances
- Update the Cardano Preprod Network Constitutional Committee MembersNew CommitteeEpoch 22972.7% turnout, 73.0% without default stances
- New CommitteeEpoch 1970.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- New CommitteeEpoch 1940.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- New CommitteeEpoch 1930.0% turnout, 0.0% without default stances
- Hard Fork to Protocol Version 10Hard Fork InitiationEpoch 18155.2% turnout, 55.2% without default stances
Turnout weighs each pool's stake against the pools that could vote, the always-abstain pools included and the No side as the ledger counts it. A pool is on a default stance when its reward account delegates to always abstain or always no confidence, so its stake is counted without a vote of its own. The second reading leaves that stake out of the denominator. 3 actions without complete stake figures are left out.
Chapter
What DReps do beyond the vote itself: reconsidering positions and publishing rationales.
Across 129 decided actions, 1 saw at least one DRep change their position. 2 votes changed position in total, while 0 re-votes kept the voter's position.
Most reconsidered actions
Counts cover decided actions with a fully swept vote history and compare each voter's first recorded vote with the final one.
21.7%
Votes with a rationale link
35 of 161 votes
0.3%
Voting power with a rationale link
weighted by the voting power behind each vote
- Hard Fork Initiation29.2% median, 2 actions
- No Confidence18.2% median, 1 action
- New Committee12.5% median, 4 actions
- New Constitution12.5% median, 1 action
- Info Action0.0% median, 15 actions
- Parameter Change0.0% median, 9 actions
- Treasury Withdrawals0.0% median, 19 actions
Coverage counts the rationale link attached to the vote on chain. A linked document is not always retrievable, so an action can read higher here than the readable rationales on its own page. Coverage measures presence, not quality. The power-weighted figure leaves out 39 actions with incomplete per-vote power. Best and least covered consider actions with at least 20 votes, 51 smaller ones are not ranked.
Every vote counts once here, whatever voting power stands behind it. Timing describes when votes arrive, not how carefully they were cast.
Day 10.9
Median DRep vote
after submission, over 155 timed votes on decided actions
Day 3.6
Median SPO vote
after submission, over 77 timed votes on decided actions
Day 6.1
Half of an action's DRep votes cast
median across 34 decided actions
| Type | Median DRep day | Timed DRep votes | Median SPO day |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury Withdrawals | 12.1 | 52 | n/a |
| Info Action | 11.8 | 44 | n/a |
A vote is timed when both the action's submission and the vote's block time are on record, and days are counted from submission. Only decided actions are counted, an open action would only show its early votes so far. The thirds split each action's own voting window into three equal parts, so a long-running action and a short one are read on the same scale. A DRep who changed a vote is timed at the final vote. Types with fewer than 20 timed DRep votes are left out of the table, and a median SPO day needs 20 timed SPO votes of its own, otherwise the cell shows n/a.
Chapter
How concentrated delegated voting power is, today and over time.
Voting power concentration
Top 1 DReps hold 67% of active DRep voting power. Total 65,599,043 ₳ across 30 DReps.
67% is the passing threshold for Treasury withdrawal and some network parameters.
Thresholds as of 2026-11-07.
Top 12 by share
How few of the largest DReps currently hold each threshold share.
- 1 DRep60%Hard fork, Committee (no confidence)
- 1 DRep67%Treasury withdrawal, No confidence, Committee (normal state), Protocol params (network), Protocol params (economic), Protocol params (technical)
- 1 DRep75%Constitution update, Protocol params (governance)
Based on the current delegated voting power, not actual coordination. Thresholds as of 2026-11-07, stake as of the latest sync.
Chapter
What happens to governance actions: how many arrive, how they conclude, and how long a decision takes.
20
Submitted, last 12 epochs
11
Enacted
all-time
95
Expired
all-time
17
Closed without enactment
all-time
Decisions took a median of 7 epochs from submission, across 123 decided actions.
| Type | Decided | Enacted | Expired | Closed | Median epochs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury Withdrawals | 82 | 0 | 82 | 0 | 7 |
| Info Action | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 7 |
| New Committee | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 7 |
| Parameter Change | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Hard Fork Initiation | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
| New Constitution | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | fewer than 3 |
| No Confidence | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | fewer than 3 |
Dropped without a decision (6)
A dropped action left the proposal set before its voting window ended, so it never reached a verdict of its own. What the statuses mean
- Parameter Change
The chain records no enacted action that took its place, so this page does not name a reason.
- Parameter Change
The chain records no enacted action that took its place, so this page does not name a reason.
- Demonstrate sample-protocol fee governance via a Plutus cost signal
Superseded by Reduce minPoolCost to 75 ada and increase Plutus Memory Limits (Part 2), enacted in epoch 305. Both actions extended the same predecessor, so enacting one left the other no path to enactment.
- Reduce governanceActionDeposit on PreProd from 100,000 ADA to 10,000 ADA
Superseded by Reduce govActionDeposit to increase testnet governance participation, enacted in epoch 296. Both actions extended the same predecessor, so enacting one left the other no path to enactment.
- Increase Transaction and Block Memory Units (Part 1 of 2)
Superseded by Increase Transaction and Block Memory Units (Part 1 of 2), enacted in epoch 252. Both actions extended the same predecessor, so enacting one left the other no path to enactment.
- Parameter Change
The chain records no enacted action that took its place, so this page does not name a reason.
Closed is the outcome of info actions, which conclude without enactment. Timing is counted in epochs because decisions are recorded per epoch. 10 actions are still open.
The trend charts on this page draw data from epoch 164 on, the first epoch these metrics can be measured reliably. A chart whose series begins later states its own start. Why charts start where they start